Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 159-164 , February 2009

Coronary Artery Z Score Regression Equations and Calculators Derived From a Large Heterogeneous Population of Children Undergoing Echocardiography

  • Laura Olivieri, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
    • ,
  • Bob Arling, MS

      Affiliations

    • Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA
    • ,
  • Mark Friberg, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
    • ,
  • Craig Sable, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Craig Sable, MD, Children's National Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010

References 

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  2. Huwez FU, Houston AB, Watson J, McLaughlin S, Macfarlane PW. Age and body surface area related normal upper and lower limits of M mode echocardiographic measurements and left ventricular volume and mass from infancy to early adulthood. Br Heart J. 1994;72:276–280
  3. Henry WL, Gardin JM, Ware JH. Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects from infancy to old age. Circulation. 1980;62:1054–1061
  4. Epstein ML, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD, Konecke L, Wood J. Great vessel, cardiac chamber, and wall growth patterns in normal children. Circulation. 1975;51:1124–1129
  5. Snider R, Enderlein M, Feitel D, Juster R. Two-dimensional echocardiographic determination of aortic and pulmonary artery sizes from infancy to adulthood in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:218–224
  6. Kampmann C, Wiethoff CM, Wenzel A, Stolz G, Betancor M, Wippermann CF, et al. Normal values of M mode echocardiographic measurements of more than 2000 healthy infants and children in central Europe. Heart. 2000;83:667–672
  7. Capannari TE, Daniels SR, Meyer RA, Schwartz DC, Kaplan S. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting coronary artery aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:355–360
  8. Sluysmans T, Colan SD. Theoretical and empirical derivation of cardiovascular allometric relationships in children. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99:445–457
  9. Pettersen M, Du W, Skeens M, Humes R. Regression equations for calculation of Z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:922–934
  10. Kurotobi S, Nagai T, Kawakami N, Sano T. Coronary diameter in normal infants, children and patients with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int. 2002;44:1–4
  11. Tan T, Wong K, Heng T. Coronary normograms and the coronary-aorta index: objective determinants of coronary artery dilation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003;24:328–335
  12. McCrindle B, Li J, Minich L, Colan S, Atz A, Takahashi M, et al. Coronary artery involvement in children with Kawasaki disease: risk factors from analysis of serial normalized measurements. Circulation. 2007;116:174–179
  13. DuBois D, DuBois E. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med. 1916;17:863–871
  14. Snider R, Serwer G, Ritter S. Echocardiography in pediatric heart disease. In: Chicago: Year Book; 1990;p. 30–36
  15. Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, O'Loughlin J. Two-dimensional echocardiographic aortic root dimensions in normal children and adults. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:507–512
  16. de Zorzi A, Colan SD, Gauvreau K, Baker AL, Sundel RP, Newburger JW. Coronary artery dimensions may be misclassified as normal in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 1998;133:254–258
  17. Newburger J, Takahashi M, Gerber M, Gewitz M, Tani L, Burns J, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004;110:2747–2771

PII: S0894-7317(08)00660-3

doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.003

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 159-164 , February 2009

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