Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 170-176 , February 2009

Intrinsic Myoarchitectural Differences Between the Left and Right Ventricles of Fetal Human Hearts: An Ultrasonic Backscatter Feasibility Study

References 

  1. Srivastava D, Olson EN. A genetic blueprint for cardiac development. Nature. 2000;407:221–227
  2. Buckberg GD, Weisfeldt ML, Ballester M, Beyar R, Burkhoff D, Coghlan HC, et al. Left ventricular form and function: scientific priorities and strategic planning for development of new views of disease. Circulation. 2004;110:e333–e336
  3. Greenbaum RA, Ho SY, Gibson DG, Becker AE, Anderson RH. Left ventricular fibre architecture in man. Br Heart J. 1981;45:248–263
  4. Jouk PS, Usson Y, Michalowicz G, Grossi L. Three-dimensional cartography of the pattern of the myofibres in the second trimester fetal human heart. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2000;202:103–118
  5. LeGrice IJ, Smaill BH, Chai LZ, Edgar SG, Gavin JB, Hunter PJ. Laminar structure of the heart: ventricular myocyte arrangement and connective tissue architecture in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H571–H582
  6. Scollan DF, Holmes A, Winslow R, Forder J. Histological validation of myocardial microstructure obtained from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physiol. 1998;275:H2308–H2318
  7. Spotnitz HM. Macro design, structure, and mechanics of the left ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:1053–1077
  8. Hall CS, Scott MJ, Lanza GM, Miller JG, Wickline SA. The extracellular matrix is an important source of ultrasound backscatter from myocardium. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000;107:612–619
  9. Kumar KN, Mottley JG. Quantitative modeling of the anisotropy of ultrasonic backscatter from canine myocardium. IEEE Trans Ultrasonics Ferroelect Freq Contr. 1994;41:441–450
  10. O'Brien PD, O'Brien WD, Rhyne TL, Warltier DC, Sagar KB. Relation of ultrasonic backscatter and acoustic propagation properties to myofibrillar length and myocardial thickness. Circulation. 1995;91:171–175
  11. O'Brien WD, Sagar KB, Warltier DC, Rhyne TL. Acoustic propagation properties of normal, stunned, and infarcted myocardium: morphological and biochemical determinants. Circulation. 1995;91:154–160
  12. Rose JH, Kaufmann MR, Wickline SA, Hall CS, Miller JG. A proposed microscopic elastic wave theory for ultrasonic backscatter from myocardial tissue. J Acoust Soc Am. 1995;97:656–668
  13. Wickline SA, Thomas LJ, Miller JG, Sobel BE, Perez JE. A relationship between ultrasonic integrated backscatter and myocardial contractile function. J Clin Invest. 1985;76:2151–2160
  14. Hoyt RH, Collins SM, Skorton DJ, Ericksen EE, Conyers D. Assessment of fibrosis in infarcted human hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter. Circulation. 1985;71:740–744
  15. Hoyt RM, Skorton DJ, Collins SM, Melton HE. Ultrasonic backscatter and collagen in normal ventricular myocardium. Circulation. 1984;69:775–782
  16. Mimbs JW, O'Donnell M, Bauwens D, Miller JG, Sobel BE. The dependence of ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter on collagen content in dog and rabbit hearts. Circ Res. 1980;47:49–58
  17. Mimbs JW, O'Donnell M, Miller JG, Sobel BE. Detection of cardiomyopathic changes induced by doxorubicin based on quantitative analysis of ultrasonic backscatter. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:1056–1060
  18. Nguyen CT, Hall CS, Scott MJ, Zhu Q, Marsh J, Wickline SA. Age-related alterations of cardiac tissue microstructure and material properties in Fischer 344 rats. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27:611–619
  19. O'Donnell M, Mimbs JW, Miller JG. Relationship between collagen and ultrasonic backscatter in myocardial tissue. J Acoust Soc Am. 1981;69:580–588
  20. Pohlhammer J, O'Brien WD. Dependence of the ultrasonic scatter coefficient on collagen concentration in mammalian tissues. J Acoust Soc Am. 1981;69:283–285
  21. Wong AK, Osborn TG, Miller JG, Wickline SA. Quantification of ventricular remodeling in the tight-skin mouse cardiomyopathy with acoustic microscopy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1993;19:365–374
  22. Madaras EI, Barzilai B, Perez JE, Sobel BE, Miller JG. Changes in myocardial backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle. Ultrasonic Imaging. 1983;5:229–239
  23. Perez JE, Holland MR, Barzailai B, Handley SM, Vandenberg BF, Miller JG, et al. Ultrasonic characterization of cardiovascular tissue. In:  Skorton DJ,  Seelbert HR,  Wolf GL,  Brundage BH editor. Second edition ed.. Cardiac imaging: a companion to Braunwald's heart disease. Vol. 1:Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 1996;p. 606–622
  24. Goens MB, Karr SS, Martin GR. Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasound backscatter: normal and abnormal myocardial patterns in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996;9:616–621
  25. Mori K, Manabe T, Nii M, Hayabuchi Y, Kuroda Y, Kitahata H. Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasound backscatter in the left ventricle during the early neonatal period. Am Heart J. 2000;140:463–468
  26. Holland MR, Wallace KD, Miller JG. Potential relationships among myocardial stiffness, the measured level of myocardial backscatter (“image brightness”), and the magnitude of the systematic variation of backscatter (cyclic variation) over the heart cycle. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:1131–1137
  27. Gibson AA, Singh GK, Kulikowska A, Wallace KD, Hoffman JJ, Ludomirsky A, et al. Regional variation in the measured apparent ultrasonic backscatter of mid-gestational fetal pig hearts. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007;33:1955–1962
  28. Holland MR, Gibson AA, Peterson LR, Areces M, Schaffer JE, Perez JE, et al. Measurements of the cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter from two-dimensional echocardiographic images as an approach for characterizing diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006;1:149–152
  29. Holland MR, Kovacs A, Posdamer SH, Wallace KD, Miller JG. Anisotropy of apparent backscatter in the short-axis view of mouse hearts. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2005;31:1623–1629
  30. Kovacs A, Courtois MR, Weinheimer CJ, Posdamer SH, Wallace KD, Holland MR, et al. Ultrasonic tissue characterization of the mouse myocardium: successful in-vivo cyclic variation measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:883–892
  31. Finch-Johnston AE, Gussak HM, Mobley J, Holland MR, Petrovic O, Pérez JE, et al. Cyclic variation of integrated backscatter: dependence of time delay on the echocardiographic view employed and the myocardial segment analyzed. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000;13:9–17
  32. Aygen M, Popp RL. Influence of the orientation of myocardial fibers on echocardiographic images. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:147–152
  33. Holland MR, Wilkenshoff UM, Finch-Johnston AE, Handley SM, Perez JE, Miller JG. Effects of myocardial fiber orientation in echocardiography: quantitative measurements and computer simulation of the regional dependence of backscattered ultrasound in the parasternal short-axis view. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1998;11:929–937
  34. Recchia D, Hall C, Shepard RK, Miller JG. Mechanisms of the view-dependence of ultrasonic backscatter from normal myocardium. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelec Freq Contr. 1995;42:91–98
  35. Recchia D, Miller JG, Wickline SA. Quantification of ultrasonic anisotropy in normal myocardium with lateral gain compensation of two-dimensional integrated backscatter images. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1993;19:497–505
  36. Sosnovik DE, Baldwin SL, Lewis SH, Holland MR, Miller JG. Transmural variation of myocardial attenuation measured with a clinical imager. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27:1643–1650
  37. Mobley J, Feinberg MS, Gussak HM, Banta CE, Perez JE, Miller JG. On-line implementation of algorithm for determination of magnitude and time delay of cyclic variation of integrated backscatter in an echocardiographic imager. Ultrasonic Imaging. 1994;16:49
  38. Mohr GA, Vered Z, Barzilai B, Perez JE, Sobel BE, Miller JG. Automated determination of the magnitude and time delay (“phase”) of the cardiac cycle dependent variation of myocardial ultrasonic integrated backscatter. Ultrasonic Imaging. 1989;11:245–259
  39. Finch-Johnston AE, Gussak HM, Mobley J, Holland MR, Petrovic O, Perez JE, et al. Effect of time delay on the apparent magnitude of cyclic variation of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter in standard echocardiographic views. Ultrasonic Imaging. 1995;17:77
  40. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;307–310
  41. Perles Z, Nir A, Gavri S, Rein AJ. Assessment of fetal myocardial performance using myocardial deformation analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:993–996
  42. Smolich JJ, Walker AM, Campbell GR, Adamson TM. Left and right ventricular myocardial morphometry in fetal, neonatal, and adult sheep. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:H1–H9
  43. Salih C, McCarthy KP, Ho SY. The fibrous matrix of ventricular myocardium in hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:36–40
  44. Barker DJ. The Wellcome Foundation Lecture, 1994 (The fetal origins of adult disease). Proc Biol Sci. 1995;262:37–43
  45. Krymsky LD. Pathologic anatomy of congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1965;32:814–827
  46. Gong L, Wang ZG, Ran HT, Ling ZY, Tang HL, Zheng YY, et al. Relationship between myocardial ultrasonic integrated backscatter and mitochondria of the myocardium in dogs. Clin Imaging. 2006;30:402–408
  47. Micari A, Pascotto M, Jayaweera AR, Sklenar J, Goodman NC, Kaul S. Cyclic variation in ultrasonic myocardial integrated backscatter is due to phasic changes in the number of patent myocardial microvessels. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1009–1019

 This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health R01 HL040302.

PII: S0894-7317(08)00754-2

doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.028

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 170-176 , February 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution