Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 11 , Pages 1256-1264 , November 2009

Continued Global Left Ventricular Remodeling Is Not the Sole Mechanism Responsible for the Late Recurrence of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation after Restrictive Annuloplasty

References 

  1. Lamas GA, Mitchell GF, Flaker GC, Smith SC, Gersh BJ, Basta L, et al. Clinical significance of mitral regurgitation after acute myocardial infarction. Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Investigators. Circulation. 1997;96:827–833
  2. Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. Ischemic mitral regurgitation. Long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation. 2001;103:1759–1764
  3. Agricola E, Oppizzi M, Maisano F, De Bonis M, Schinkel AF, Torracca L, et al. Echocardiographic classification of chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation caused by restricted motion according to tethering pattern. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2004;5:326–334
  4. Dent JM, Spotnitz WD, Nolan SP, Jayaweera AR, Glasheen WP, Kaul S. Mechanism of mitral leaflet excursion. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H2100–H2108
  5. Ennezat PV, Marechaux S, Le Tourneau T, Lamblin N, Bauters C, Van Belle E, et al. Myocardial asynchronism is a determinant of changes in functional mitral regurgitation severity during dynamic exercise in patients with chronic heart failure due to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:679–683
  6. He S, Fontaine A, Schwammenthal E, Yoganathan A, Levine R. Integrated mechanism for functional mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 1997;96:1826–1834
  7. Bolling S, Deeb G, Brunsting L, Bach D. Early outcome of mitral valve reconstruction in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;109:676–682
  8. Al-Radi OO, Austin PC, Tu JV, David TE, Yau TM. Mitral repair versus replacement for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:1260–1267
  9. Wu AH, Aaronson KD, Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Welch K, Koelling TM. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty on mortality risk in patients with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:381–387
  10. Gillinov AM, Wierup PN, Blackstone EH, Bishay ES, Cosgrove DM, White J, et al. Is repair preferable to replacement for ischemic mitral regurgitation?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:1125–1141
  11. Mihaljevic T, Lam BK, Rajeswaran J, Takagaki M, Lauer MS, Gillinov AM, et al. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty combined with revascularization in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2191–2201
  12. Lachmann J, Shirani J, Plestis KA, Frater RW, LeJemtel TH. Mitral ring annuloplasty: an incomplete correction of functional mitral regurgitation associated with left ventricular remodeling. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2001;3:241–246
  13. Serri K, Bouchard D, Demers P, Coutu M, Pellerin M, Carrier M, et al. Is a good perioperative echocardiographic result predictive of durability in ischemic mitral valve repair?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:565–573
  14. Zhu F, Otsuji Y, Yotsumoto G, Yuasa T, Ueno T, Yu B, et al. Mechanism of persistent ischemic mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty. Importance of augmented posterior mitral leaflet tethering. Circulation. 2005;112:I-396–I-401
  15. Hung J, Papakostas L, Tahta SA, Hardy BG, Bollen BA, Duran CM, et al. Mechanism of recurrent ischemic mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty: continued LV remodeling as a moving target. Circulation. 2004;110:II85–II90
  16. Calafiore AM, Gallina S, Di Mauro M. Mitral valve procedure in dilated cardiomyopathy: repair or replacement?. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:1146–1153
  17. McGee EC, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, Cohen G, Najam F, et al. Recurrent mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;128:916–924
  18. De Bonis M, Lapenna E, La Canna G, Ficarra E, Pagliaro M, Torracca L, et al. Mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. role of the “edge-to-edge” technique. Circulation. 2005;112:I-402–I-408
  19. Tahta SA, Oury JH, Maxwell JM, Hiro SP, Duran CM. Outcome after mitral valve repair for ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis. 2002;11:11
  20. Kuwahara E, Otsuji Y, Iguro Y, Ueno T, Zhu F, Mizukami N, et al. Mechanism of recurrent/persistent ischemic/functional mitral regurgitation in the chronic phase after surgical annuloplasty: importance of augmented posterior leaflet tethering. Circulation. 2006;114:I529–I534
  21. Magne J, Pibarot P, Dagenais F, Hachicha Z, Dumesnil JG, Sénéchal M. Preoperative posterior leaflet angle accurately predicts outcome after restrictive mitral valve annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2007;115:782–791
  22. Green GR, Dagum P, Glasson JR, Nistal JF, Daughters GT, Ingels NB, et al. Restricted posterior leaflet motion after mitral ring annuloplasty. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:2100–2106
  23. Matsunaga A, Tahta SA, Duran CM. Failure of reduction annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13:390–397
  24. Magne J, Sénéchal M, Mathieu P, Dumesnil JG, Dagenais F, Pibarot P. Restrictive annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation may induce functional mitral stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1692–1701
  25. Savage EB, Bolling S. Atlas of Mitral Valve Repair. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William and Wilkins; 2006;
  26. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440–1463
  27. Kono T, Sabbah H, Rosman H. Left ventricular shape is the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1594–1598
  28. Nesta F, Otsuji Y, Handschumacher MD, Messas E, Leavitt M, Carpentier A, et al. Leaflet concavity: a rapid visual clue to the presence and mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:1301–1308
  29. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:777–802
  30. Braun J, Van de Veire NR, Klautz RJ, Versteegh MI, Holman ER, Westenberg JJ, et al. Restrictive mitral annuloplasty cures ischemic mitral regurgitation and heart failure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:430–436
  31. Tsukiji M, Watanabe N, Yamaura Y, Okahashi N, Obase K, Neishi Y, et al. Three-dimensional quantitation of mitral valve coaptation by a novel software system with transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:43–46
  32. Daimon M, Gillinov AM, Liddicoat JR, Saracino G, Fukuda S, Koyama Y, et al. Dynamic change in mitral annular area and motion during percutaneous mitral annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation: preliminary animal study with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:381–388
  33. Borger MA, Murphy PM, Alam A, Fazel S, Maganti M, Armstrong S, et al. Initial results of the chordal-cutting operation for ischemic mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133:1483–1492
  34. Messas E, Guerrero JL, Handschumacher MD, Conrad C, Chow CM, Sullivan S, et al. Chordal cutting: a new therapeutic approach for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2001;104:1958–1963
  35. Messas E, Yosefy C, Chaput M, Guerrero JL, Sullivan S, Menasche P, et al. Chordal cutting does not adversely affect left ventricle contractile function. Circulation. 2006;114:I524–I528
  36. Levine RA, Schwammenthal E. Ischemic mitral regurgitation on the threshold of a solution: from paradoxes to unifying concepts. Circulation. 2005;112:745–758
  37. Lesniak-Sobelga A, Olszowska M, Pienazek P, Podolec P, Tracz W. Vena contracta width as a simple method of assessing mitral valve regurgitation. Comparison with Doppler quantitative methods. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13:608–614

 Disclosure: None.

 This work was supported by a grant from the Institut de Cardiologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Quebec, Canada (Dr Sénéchal) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 67123), Ottawa, Canada. Dr Pibarot holds the Canada Research Chair in Valvular Heart Diseases, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

PII: S0894-7317(09)00719-6

doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.07.029

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 22, Issue 11 , Pages 1256-1264 , November 2009