Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 13-22 , January 2010

Validation of a New Score for the Assessment of Mitral Stenosis Using Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

  • Ashraf M. Anwar, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Wael M. Attia, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Youssef F.M. Nosir, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Osama I.I. Soliman, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Mohammed A. Mosad, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Munir Othman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Marcel L. Geleijnse, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Ali M. El-Amin, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Al-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Folkert J. Ten Cate, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Folkert J. Ten Cate, MD, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, Ba 302, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

References 

  1. Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I. Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation. 2002;106:1183–1188
  2. Robiolio PA, Rigolin VH, Harrison JK, Kisslo KB, Bashore TM. Doppler pressure half-time method of assessing mitral valve area: aortic insufficiency does not adversely affect validity. Am Heart J. 1998;136:718–723
  3. Vahanian A, Michel PL, Cormier B, Vitoux B, Michel X, Slama M, et al. Results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in 200 patients. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:847–852
  4. Reid CL, Otto CM, Davis KB, Labovitz A, Kisslo KB, McKay CR. Influence of mitral valve morphology on mitral balloon commissurotomy: immediate and six-month results from the NHLBI Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry. Am Heart J. 1992;124:657–665
  5. Reid CL, Chandraratna PA, Kawanishi DT, Kotlewski A, Rahimtoola SH. Influence of mitral valve morphology on double-balloon catheter balloon valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis. Analysis of factors predicting immediate and 3-month results. Circulation. 1989;80:515–524
  6. Wilkins GT, Weyman AE, Abascal VM, Block PC, Palacios IF. Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral valve: an analysis of echocardiographic variables related to outcome and the mechanism of dilatation. Br Heart J. 1988;60:299–308
  7. Padial LR, Freitas N, Sagie A, Newell JB, Weyman AE, Levine RA, et al. Echocardiography can predict which patients will develop severe mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valvulotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:1225–1231
  8. Cannan CR, Nishimura RA, Reeder GS, Ilstrup DR, Larson DR, Holmes DR, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of commissural calcium: a simple predictor of outcome after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:175–180
  9. Fatkin D, Roy P, Morgan JJ, Feneley MP. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy with the Inoue single-balloon catheter: commissural morphology as a determinant of outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:390–397
  10. Sutaria N, Shaw TR, Prendergast B, Northridge D. Transoesophageal echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve commissural morphology predicts outcome after balloon mitral valvotomy. Heart. 2006;92:52–57
  11. Sugeng L, Coon P, Weinert L, Jolly N, Lammertin G, Bednarz JE, et al. Use of real-time 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the evaluation of mitral valve disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19:413–421
  12. Sugeng L, Weinert L, Lammertin G, Thomas P, Spencer KT, Decara JM, et al. Accuracy of mitral valve area measurements using transthoracic rapid freehand 3-dimensional scanning: comparison with non-invasive and invasive methods. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:1292–1300
  13. Zamorano J, Cordeiro P, Sugeng L, Perez de Isla L, Weinert L, Macaya C, et al. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis evaluation: an accurate and novel approach. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:2091–2096
  14. Zamorano J, Perez de Isla L, Sugeng L, Cordeiro P, Rodrigo JL, Almeria C, et al. Non-invasive assessment of mitral valve area during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty: role of real-time 3D echocardiography. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:2086–2091
  15. Roberts BJ, Grayburn PA. Color flow imaging of the vena contracta in mitral regurgitation: technical considerations. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:1002–1006
  16. El-Sayed MA, Anwar MA. Comparative study between various methods of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (Metallic valvotome, Inoue balloon, and double balloon techniques). VID study. J Interv Cardiol. 2000;13:357–364
  17. ACC/AHA2006 practice guidelines for the management of patients wih valvular heart disease: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:598–675
  18. Park SJ, Kim JJ, Park SW, Song JK, Doo YC, Lee SJ. Immediate and one-year results of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty using Inoue and double-balloon techniques. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:938–943
  19. Byrt T. How good is that agreement?. Epidemiology. 1996;7:561
  20. Palacios IF, Tuzcu ME, Weyman AE, Newell JB, Block PC. Clinical follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy. Circulation. 1995;91:671–676
  21. Goswami KC, Bahl VK, Talwar KK, Shrivastava S, Manchanda SC. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty using the Inoue balloon: analysis of echocardiographic and other variables related to immediate outcome. Int J Cardiol. 1999;68:261–268
  22. Post JR, Feldman T, Isner J, Herrmann HC. Inoue balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with severe valvular and subvalvular deformity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1129–1136
  23. Patel JJ, Shama D, Mitha AS, Blyth D, Hassen F, Le Roux BT, et al. Balloon valvuloplasty versus closed commissurotomy for pliable mitral stenosis: a prospective hemodynamic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:1318–1322
  24. Lee TM, Su SF, Chen MF, Liau CS, Lee YT. Changes of left ventricular function after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis with impaired left ventricular performance. Int J Cardiol. 1996;56:211–215
  25. Vahanian A. Balloon valvuloplasty. Heart. 2001;85:223–228
  26. Valocik G, Kamp O, Visser CA. Three-dimensional echocardiography in mitral valve disease. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2005;6:443–454
  27. Mannaerts HF, Kamp O, Visser CA. Should mitral valve area assessment in patients with mitral stenosis be based on anatomical or on functional evaluation? A plea for 3D echocardiography as the new clinical standard. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:2073–2074
  28. Binder TM, Rosenhek R, Porenta G, Maurer G, Baumgartner H. Improved assessment of mitral valve stenosis by volumetric real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1355–1361
  29. Langerveld J, Valocik G, Plokker HW, Ernst SM, Mannaerts HF, Kelder JC, et al. Additional value of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for patients with mitral valve stenosis undergoing balloon valvuloplasty. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:841–849
  30. Hildick-Smith DJ, Taylor GJ, Shapiro LM. Inoue balloon mitral valvuloplasty: long-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of a predominantly unfavourable population. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1690–1697
  31. Zhang HP, Allen JW, Lau FY, Ruiz CE. Immediate and late outcome of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with significantly calcified valves. Am Heart J. 1995;129:501–506
  32. Iung B, Cormier B, Ducimetiere P, Porte JM, Nallet O, Michel PL, et al. Immediate results of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy. A predictive model on a series of 1514 patients. Circulation. 1996;94:2124–2130
  33. Chu JW, Levine RA, Chua S, Poh KK, Morris E, Hua L, et al. Assessing mitral valve area and orifice geometry in calcific mitral stenosis: a new solution by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:1006–1009
  34. Fink N, Adler Y, Wiser I, Sagie A. Association between mitral annulus calcification and atherosclerosis [article in Hebrew]. Harefuah. 2001;140:838–843894
  35. Kizer JR, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Galloway JM, Welty TK, Lee ET, et al. Mitral annular calcification, aortic valve sclerosis, and incident stroke in adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease: the Strong Heart Study. Stroke. 2005;36:2533–2537
  36. Fox CS, Parise H, Vasan RS, Levy D, O'Donnell CJ, D'Agostino RB, et al. Mitral annular calcification is a predictor for incident atrial fibrillation. Atherosclerosis. 2004;173:291–294
  37. Fox CS, Vasan RS, Parise H, Levy D, O'Donnell CJ, D'Agostino RB, et al. Mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2003;107:1492–1496
  38. Schoen FJ, Sutton MS. Contemporary issues in the pathology of valvular heart disease. Hum Pathol. 1987;18:568–576
  39. Turgeman Y, Atar S, Rosenfeld T. The subvalvular apparatus in rheumatic mitral stenosis: methods of assessment and therapeutic implications. Chest. 2003;124:1929–1936
  40. Stewart WJ, Griffin B, Thomas JD. Multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve disease. Am J Card Imaging. 1995;9:121–128
  41. Levin TN, Feldman T, Bednarz J, Carroll JD, Lang RM. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve morphology to predict outcome after balloon mitral valvotomy. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:707–710

PII: S0894-7317(09)00884-0

doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.09.022

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 13-22 , January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution