Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 9-12 , January 2010

Quantifying Mitral Valve Regurgitation: New Solutions from the 3rd Dimension

  • Stephen H. Little, MD, FASE

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Stephen H. Little MD, FASE, The Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6550 Fannin Street, SM-677, Houston, TX 77030.

References 

  1. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG, Enriquez-Sarano M. Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet. 2006;368:1005–1011
  2. Thomas N, Unsworth B, Ferenczi EA, Davies JE, Mayet J, Francis DP. Intraobserver variability in grading severity of repeated identical cases of mitral regurgitation. Am Heart J. 2008;156:1089–1094
  3. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:777–802
  4. Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Detaint D, Capps M, Nkomo V, et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:875–883
  5. Little SH, Igo SR, Pirat B, McCulloch M, Hartley CJ, Nose Y, et al. In vitro validation of real-time three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:1440–1447
  6. Sugeng L, Weinert L, Lang RM. Real-time 3-dimensional color Doppler flow of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: feasibility and initial quantitative comparison with 2-dimensional methods. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:1050–1057
  7. Sitges M, Jones M, Shiota T, Qin JX, Tsujino H, Bauer F, et al. Real-time three-dimensional color Doppler evaluation of the flow convergence zone for quantification of mitral regurgitation: validation experimental animal study and initial clinical experience. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:38–45
  8. Yoganathan AP, Cape EG, Sung HW, Williams FP, Jimoh A. Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:1344–1353
  9. Mascherbauer J, Rosenhek R, Bittner B, Binder J, Simon P, Maurer G, et al. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvular regurgitation severity by measurement of the vena contracta: an in vitro validation study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:999–1006
  10. Little SH, Pirat B, Kumar R, Igo SR, McCulloch M, Hartley CJ, et al. Three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of vena contracta area in mitral regurgitation: in vitro validation and clinical experience. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;1:695–704
  11. Kahlert P, Plicht B, Schenk IM, Janosi RA, Erbel R, Buck T. Direct assessment of size and shape of noncircular vena contracta area in functional versus organic mitral regurgitation using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:912–921
  12. Skaug TR, Hergum T, Amundsen BH, Skjaerpe T, Torp H, Haugen BO. Quantification of mitral regurgitation using high pulse repetition frequency three-dimensional color Doppler. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:1–8
  13. Buck T, Mucci RA, Guerrero JL, Holmvang G, Handschumacher MD, Levine RA. The power-velocity integral at the vena contracta: a new method for direct quantification of regurgitant volume flow. Circulation. 2000;102:1053–1061
  14. Buck T, Hwang SM, Plicht B, Mucci RA, Hunold P, Erbel R, et al. Automated flow quantification in valvular heart disease based on backscattered Doppler power analysis: implementation on matrix-array ultrasound imaging systems. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;24:463–477
  15. Plicht B, Kahlert P, Goldwasser R, Janosi RA, Hunold P, Erbel R, et al. Direct quantification of mitral regurgitant flow volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography using dealiasing of color Doppler flow at the vena contracta. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:1337–1346

 Editorial Comments published in the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography (JASE) reflect the opinions of their author(s), and do not necessarily represent the views of JASE, its editors, or the American Society of Echocardiography.

PII: S0894-7317(09)01073-6

doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.11.013

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 9-12 , January 2010

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