« Previous
Next »
Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 7
, Pages 685-713
, July 2010
Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography
References
- Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440–1463
- . Electrocardiographic changes associated with isolated right ventricular infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;4:640–643
- . Anatomical studies on the coronary arteries and their branches 1 arteria anastomotica auricularis magna. Am Heart J. 1927;3:260
- . Practices and principles of echocardiography. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 1994;
- . The practice of clinical echocardiography. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2007;
- . Reservoir and conduit function of right atrium: impact on right ventricular filling and cardiac output. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;288:H2140–H2145
- . Evaluation of right atrial size in patients with atrial arrhythmias: comparison of 2D versus real time 3D echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2008;25:617–623
- Biatrial anatomical reverse remodelling after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: evidence from real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Europace. 2008;10:1073–1078
- . Evaluation of size and dynamics of the inferior vena cava as an index of right-sided cardiac function. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:579–585
- Reappraisal of the use of inferior vena cava for estimating right atrial pressure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:857–861
- . Does inferior vena cava size predict right atrial pressures in patients receiving mechanical ventilation?. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1992;5:613–619
- . Feigenbaum's echocardiography. 6th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;
- . Cross-sectional echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1981;
- . Assessment of right atrial pressure with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and echocardiographic study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000;75:24–29
- . Relation of mean right atrial pressure to echocardiographic and Doppler parameters of right atrial and right ventricular function. Circulation. 1996;93:1160–1169
- . Echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular wall thickness. A new application of subxiphoid echocardiography. Circulation. 1977;56:278–284
- . Echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular wall thickness in adults by anterior approach. Br Heart J. 1980;44:55–61
- . Usefulness of echocardiographic right ventricular measurements in estimating right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular systolic pressure. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:1036–1040
- . Increased right ventricular wall thickness in left ventricular pressure overload: echocardiographic determination of hypertrophic response of the “nonstressed” ventricle. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:550–555
- . Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part I: anatomy, physiology, aging, and functional assessment of the right ventricle. Circulation. 2008;117:1436–1448
- . Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part II: pathophysiology, clinical importance, and management of right ventricular failure. Circulation. 2008;117:1717–1731
- . Comparison of echocardiographic markers of right ventricular function in determining prognosis in chronic pulmonary disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002;15:633–639
- Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2004;109:2401–2404
- . Prognostic value of echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: results from a monocenter registry of 1,416 patients. Chest. 2008;133:358–362
- . Accuracy of guideline recommendations for two-dimensional quantification of the right ventricle by echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;24:691–698
- . Limitations of unidimensional indexes of right ventricular contractile function in conscious dogs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:302–312
- Right ventricular abnormalities in ventricular tachycardia of right ventricular origin: relation to electrophysiological abnormalities. Br Heart J. 1986;56:45–54
- . The development of the embryonic outflow tract provides novel insights into cardiac differentiation and remodeling. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2004;14:235–241
- . The right ventricle: anatomy, physiology, and clinical importance. Curr Probl Cardiol. 1991;16:653–720
- . Evaluation of regional differences in right ventricular systolic function by acoustic quantification echocardiography and cine magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 1998;98:339–345
- . Adult congenital heart disease: right ventricular outflow tract lesions. Circulation. 2007;115:1933–1947
- . Idiopathic outflow tract tachycardias: current perspectives. Herz. 2007;32:218–225
- Echocardiographic findings in patients meeting task force criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: new insights from the multidisciplinary study of right ventricular dysplasia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:860–865
- Assessment of pulmonary valve and right ventricular outflow tract with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2007;23:167–175
- . Two-dimensional assessment of right ventricular function: an echocardiographic-MRI correlative study. Echocardiography. 2007;24:452–456
- . Recovery of regional right ventricular function after thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:804–806
- Right ventricular dysfunction and risk of heart failure and mortality after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1450–1455
- Usefulness of right ventricular fractional area change to predict death, heart failure, and stroke following myocardial infarction (from the VALIANT ECHO study). Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:607–612
- . Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular volume and function. Echocardiography. 1997;14:189–206
- Comparison of echocardiographic methods with magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of right ventricular function in children. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:589–594
- . A new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for evaluating right ventricular size and performance in patients with obstructive lung disease. Circulation. 1982;66:612–620
- . Evaluation of right ventricular volume and ejection fraction in children by two-dimensional echocardiography. Pediatr Cardiol. 1983;4:197–203
- Normal values of right ventricular size and function by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:445–455
- . Estimation of right ventricular volume with two dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:1946–1953
- . A new three-dimensional echocardiographic method of right ventricular volume measurement: in vitro validation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:101–106
- Validation of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for quantifying left and right ventricular volumes: an experimental study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2004;117:695–699
- . Accuracy of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for quantifying right ventricular volume: static and pulsatile flow studies in an anatomic in vitro model. J Ultrasound Med. 2002;21:1069–1075
- . Variables influencing the accuracy of right ventricular volume assessment by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: an in vitro validation study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:456–461
- Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular volume and function in pediatric patients: validation of the technique. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:921–929
- . Transesophageal 3-dimensional versus cross-sectional echocardiographic assessment of the volume of the right ventricle in children with atrial septal defects. Cardiol Young. 2006;16:135–140
- Quantitation of right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography in patients: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide ventriculography. Echocardiography. 2006;23:666–680
- . Assessment of the right ventricle by echocardiography: a primer for cardiac sonographers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:776–792
- . Quantification of right ventricular volumes and function by real time three-dimensional echocardiographic longitudinal axial plane method: validation in the clinical setting. Echocardiography. 2006;23:853–859
- Accuracy and reproducibility of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:84–89
- Anatomically oriented right ventricular volume measurements with dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography validated by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1668–1676
- . Three-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular volume in children with congenital heart disease validated by magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1998;11:770–777
- . Comparison of transthoracic three dimensional echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of right ventricular volume and mass. Heart. 1997;78:127–130
- . Estimation of the right ventricular volume and ejection fraction by transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. A validation study using magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Card Imaging. 1998;14:385–390
- . Quantitative echocardiographic analysis of the right ventricle in healthy individuals. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19:1365–1372
- . Reproducibility of right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with cardiac MRI. Chest. 2007;131:1844–1851
- Dynamic assessment of right ventricular volumes and function by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: a comparison study with magnetic resonance imaging in 100 adult patients. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:116–126
- Clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for right ventricular quantification in congenital heart disease: validation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:134–140
- . Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular volume and function in adult patients with congenital heart disease: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:127–133
- Reference values for right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: evaluation in a large series of normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:109–115
- . Right ventricular volume overload results in depression of left ventricular ejection fraction. Implications for the surgical management of tricuspid valve disease. Circulation. 1994;90:II209–II213
- . Reduced atrial contribution to left ventricular filling in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation after tricuspid valvulectomy: a Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16:1617–1624
- . Asymmetry of right ventricular enlargement in response to tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 1999;100:465–467
- . An echocardiographic index for separation of right ventricular volume and pressure overload. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5:918–927
- . Doppler echocardiographic demonstration of the differential effects of right ventricular pressure and volume overload on left ventricular geometry and filling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:84–90
- Patterns of the interventricular septal motion can predict conditions of patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:386–393
- Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan on echocardiographic and doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1380–1386
- Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1214–1219
- Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:S55–S66
- . Age-associated increases in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the general population. Circulation. 2009;119:2663–2670
- . Clinical correlates and reference intervals for pulmonary artery systolic pressure among echocardiographically normal subjects. Circulation. 2001;104:2797–2802
- ACCF/AHA 2009 expert consensus document on pulmonary hypertension: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society, Inc.; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1573–1619
- . Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 1984;70:657–662
- Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:750–756
- Accuracy of Doppler echocardiography in the hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:615–621
- Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 1997;95:1479–1486
- . Estimation of pulmonary artery pressure by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Circulation. 1983;68:367
- Evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure and resistance by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:662–668
- . Echocardiographic determination of mean pulmonary artery pressure. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:1373–1376
- An alternative echocardiographic method to estimate mean pulmonary artery pressure: diagnostic and clinical implications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:814–819
- . Stepping away from ritual right heart catheterization into the era of noninvasively measured pulmonary artery pressure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:820–822
- . Echocardiographic indexes for the non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:225–239
- . A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1021–1027
- . Accuracy of Doppler-estimated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients before liver transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:259–262
- . Usefulness of noninvasive estimate of pulmonary vascular resistance to predict mortality, heart failure, and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease (from the Heart and Soul Study). Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:762–766
- Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography. 2009;26:489–494
- Stress Doppler echocardiography in relatives of patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of a multicenter European analysis of pulmonary artery pressure response to exercise and hypoxia. Circulation. 2009;119:1747–1757
- . Range of tricuspid regurgitation velocity at rest and during exercise in normal adult men: implications for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1662–1666
- . Accurate noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance by Doppler echocardiography in patients with chronic failure heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1813–1819
- . Identification of individuals susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary oedema at low altitude. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:545–551
- Abnormal pulmonary artery pressure response in asymptomatic carriers of primary pulmonary hypertension gene. Circulation. 2000;102:1145–1150
- . The noninvasive evaluation of exercise-induced changes in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:270–275
- . Studies on the first derivative of the ventricular pressure pulse in man. J Clin Invest. 1962;41:80–91
- Measurement of right ventricular dP/dt. A simultaneous/comparative hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study. [article in French] Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1992;85:1317–1321
- Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular dP/dt in patients with tricuspid valve regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:1495–1497
- Doppler echocardiographic index for assessment of global right ventricular function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996;9:838–847
- Pseudonormalized Doppler total ejection isovolume (Tei) index in patients with right ventricular acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:527–531
- Disagreement between tissue Doppler imaging and conventional pulsed wave Doppler in the measurement of myocardial performance index. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7:356–364
- . Left ventricle myocardial performance index derived either by conventional method or mitral annulus tissue-Doppler: a comparison study in healthy subjects and subjects with heart failure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1270–1276
- . Effect of chronic infusion of epoprostenol on echocardiographic right ventricular myocardial performance index and its relation to clinical outcome in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1060–1063
- Value of the new Doppler-derived myocardial performance index for the evaluation of right and left ventricular function following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Cardiol. 2002;23:502–507
- . Myocardial performance index in evaluation of acute right ventricular myocardial infarction. Echocardiography. 2004;21:487–494
- . Usefulness of the myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function in congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:654–658
- . Serial Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left and right ventricular performance after a first myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2001;14:249–255
- . Right ventricular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as evidenced by the myocardial performance index. Int J Cardiol. 2008;124:57–63
- Comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for assessing right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:1593–1597
- . Assessment of right ventricular function using two-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J. 1984;107:526–531
- . Defining normal variables of right ventricular size and function in pulmonary hypertension: an echocardiographic study. Postgrad Med J. 2008;84:40–45
- . The relation between quantitative right ventricular ejection fraction and indices of tricuspid annular motion and myocardial performance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:443–447
- Feasibility and accuracy of a routine echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:86–89
- . Regional and global right ventricular function in healthy individuals aged 20-90 years: a pulsed Doppler tissue imaging study: Umea General Population Heart Study. Echocardiography. 2005;22:305–314
- . Normal regional right ventricular function and its change with age: a Doppler myocardial imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000;13:194–204
- . Longitudinal ventricular function: normal values of atrioventricular annular and myocardial velocities measured with quantitative two-dimensional color Doppler tissue imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16:906–921
- . Effects of acute preload reduction on myocardial velocity during isovolumic contraction and myocardial acceleration in pediatric patients. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006;27:32–36
- . Impact of preload and afterload on global and regional right ventricular function and pressure: a quantitative echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19:515–521
- Regional myocardial velocities and isovolumic contraction acceleration before and after device closure of atrial septal defects: a color tissue Doppler study. Am Heart J. 2005;150:294–301
- Validation of myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction as a novel noninvasive index of right ventricular contractility: comparison with ventricular pressure-volume relations in an animal model. Circulation. 2002;105:1693–1699
- . Regional differences in color tissue Doppler-derived measures of longitudinal right ventricular function using transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008;22:400–405
- . Evaluation of right ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without hypertension. Cardiology. 2009;113:184–192
- Right ventricular contractile reserve in mitral stenosis: implications on hemodynamic burden and clinical outcome. Int J Cardiol. 2009;135:193–201
- Early detection of right ventricular systolic dysfunction by using myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction in patients with mitral stenosis. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9:516–521
- . Myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction as a new index of right ventricular contractile function and its relation to pulmonary regurgitation in patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:332–337
- Systemic ventricular function in patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial repair: a tissue Doppler and conductance catheter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:100–106
- . Noninvasive assessment of right ventricular contractile performance. In: Redington AN, Van Arsdell GS, Anderson RH editor. Congenital diseases in the right heart. London: Springer; 2009;p. 207–212
- . Longitudinal strain quantitates regional right ventricular contractile function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285:H2842–H2847
- . Myocardial Strain Rate by Doppler Ultrasound Methods. Angle dependency and error estimation. Master's thesis, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. 2004;
- . Strain and strain rate imaging: a new clinical approach to quantifying regional myocardial function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:788–802
- . Right ventricular strain in pulmonary embolism by Doppler tissue echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:1210–1212
- . Doppler myocardial imaging for early detection of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:1035–1041
- . New two-dimensional global longitudinal strain and strain rate imaging for assessment of systemic right ventricular function. Heart. 2008;94:855–859
- . Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 2003;107:2446–2452
- . Pulsed tissue Doppler and strain imaging discloses early signs of infiltrative cardiac disease: a study on patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7:22–30
- Differentiation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis from other causes of ventricular wall thickening by two-dimensional strain imaging echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 2009;103:411–415
- . Noninvasive assessment of left and right ventricular filling in myocardial infarction with a two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic method. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5:1155–1160
- . Doppler echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular filling characteristics in hemodynamically significant right ventricular infarction. Am J Noninvasiv Cardiol. 1992;6:230–236
- . Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging can help to identify patients with right ventricular infarction. Heart Vessels. 2003;18:112–116
- . Effects of sample volume location, imaging view, heart rate and age on tricuspid velocimetry in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:1026–1030
- . Ventricular interdependence. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1981;23:365–388
- . Characterization of regional diastolic pressure gradients in the right ventricle. Circulation. 1990;82:1413–1423
- . Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and regional dimensions during acute alterations in loading conditions. Circulation. 1988;77:1276–1282
- . Contractile mechanics and interaction of the right and left ventricles. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:686–695
- . Reference values and reproducibility of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular diastolic function in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67:269–273
- . Effects of age and physiologic variables on right ventricular filling dynamics in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:440–448
- . Antegrade diastolic pulmonary arterial flow as a marker of right ventricular restriction after complete repair of pulmonary atresia with intact septum and critical pulmonary valvar stenosis. Cardiol Young. 1992;2:382–386
- . The impact of ageing on right ventricular longitudinal function in healthy subjects: a pulsed tissue Doppler study. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10:491–498
- . Doppler assessment of right ventricular filling in a normal population. Comparison with left ventricular filling dynamics. Circulation. 1990;82:1316–1324
- . Assessment of left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic synchronicity in normal subjects by tissue Doppler echocardiography and the effects of age and heart rate. Echocardiography. 2003;20:19–27
- . Right ventricular diastolic pressure in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1979;44:1263–1268
- . Dysfunction of the right ventricle in coronary artery disease. Chest. 1974;66:230–235
- How the left and right sides of the heart, as well as pulmonary venous drainage, adapt to an increasing degree of head-up tilting in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: differences from the normal heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:185–193
- . Dobutamine stress-induced ischemic right ventricular dysfunction and its relation to cardiac output in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease with angina-like symptoms. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:622–627
- Effects of the reduction of preload on left and right ventricular myocardial velocities analyzed by Doppler tissue echocardiography in healthy subjects. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2004;5:262–271
- . Right ventricular diastolic function during exercise: effect of ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16:611–622
- . Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular filling pressure by ratio of early tricuspid inflow to annular diastolic velocity in patients with and without recent cardiac surgery. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20:982–988
- Estimation of left and right ventricular filling pressures after heart transplantation by tissue Doppler imaging. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:352–357
- Right atrial volume index in chronic systolic heart failure and prognosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:527–534
- . Right atrial function in hypertensive patients: effects of antihypertensive therapy. J Hum Hypertens. 2001;15:463–470
- Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the acute effects of sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension patients. Chest. 2007;132:11–17
- . Impact of hemodialysis on left and right ventricular Doppler diastolic filling indices. Am J Med Sci. 1992;304:83–90
- Effects of thyroxine therapy on right ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a study by pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3490–3493
- . Hemodynamic manifestations of ischemic right heart dysfunction. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1992;27:28–33
- . Regional right ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:469–473
- . Prognostic significance of troponin elevation and right ventricular enlargement in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:303–305
- . Right ventricular function in adult cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1982;25:225–267
- Frequency and significance of right ventricular dysfunction during inferior wall left ventricular myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy (results from the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] II trial). Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:1148–1152
- . Right ventricular performance and contractile reserve in patients with severe heart failure. Assessment by pressure-area relations and association with outcome. Circulation. 1996;94:3190–3197
- . Right ventricular ejection fraction: an indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;2:217–224
- . Preserved right ventricular ejection fraction predicts exercise capacity and survival in advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1143–1153
- Prognostic use of echocardiography 1 year after a myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2005;150:743–749
- . ESCAPE Investigators. Effect of pulmonary hypertension on clinical outcomes in advanced heart failure: analysis of the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) database. Am Heart J. 2009;157:1026–1034
- Decreased right and left ventricular myocardial performance in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2007;132:1863–1870
- . Features of carcinoid heart disease identified by 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac MRI. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:103–111
- . Echocardiographic features of carcinoid heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1982;50:762–768
- . Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular systolic functions in pure mitral stenosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2001;17:13–18
- Accuracy of echocardiographic right ventricular parameters in patients with different end-stage lung diseases prior to lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19:145–154
- . The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle: what to do in 2010?. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11:81–96
- . 3D echocardiography: evaluation of the right ventricle. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2009;24:410–414
- . Color Doppler tissue imaging for evaluation of right ventricular systolic function in patients with congenital heart disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1099–1104
Reprint requests: American Society of Echocardiography, 2100 Gateway Centre Boulevard, Suite 310, Morrisville, NC 27560 (E-mail: ase@asecho.org).
PII: S0894-7317(10)00434-7
doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010
« Previous
Next »
Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
Volume 23, Issue 7
, Pages 685-713
, July 2010
